The pedicles (the bony cores from which antlers arise) are shorter, and the auditory bullae are smaller in the chital. The antlers and brow tines are longer than those in the hog deer. ĬvtCompared to the hog deer, the chital has a more cursorial build. The milk canine, nearly 1 cm (0.39 in) long, falls off before one year of age, but is not replaced by a permanent tooth as in other cervids. The dental formula is 0.1.3.3 3.1.3.3, same as the elk. Hooves measure between 4.1 and 6.1 cm (1.6 and 2.4 in) in length hooves of the fore legs are longer than those of the hind legs. The mineral content of the chital's antlers was determined to be (per kg) 6.1 mg (0.094 gr) copper, 8.04 mg (0.1241 gr) cobalt, and 32.14 mg (0.4960 gr) zinc. Ī study of the mineral composition of the antlers of captive barasinga, chital, and hog deer showed that the antlers of the deer are very similar. The antlers emerge as soft tissues (known as velvet antlers) and progressively harden into bony structures (known as hard antlers), following mineralisation and blockage of blood vessels in the tissue, from the tip to the base. Īntlers, as in most other cervids, are shed annually. The antlers, three-pronged, are nearly 1 m (3 ft 3 in) long. The brow tine (the first division in the antler) is roughly perpendicular to the beam (the central stalk of the antler).
Įach of the antlers has three lines on it. The preorbital glands, larger in males than in females, are frequently opened in response to certain stimuli. It also has well-developed metatarsal glands and pedal glands located in its hind legs. The chital has well-developed preorbital glands (near the eyes) with stiff hairs. A conspicuous black stripe runs along the spine (back bone). The abdomen, rump, throat, insides of legs, ears, and tail are all white. The dorsal (upper) parts are golden to rufous, completely covered in white spots. The species is sexually dimorphic males are larger than females, and antlers are present only on males. The tail, 20 cm (7.9 in) long, is marked by a dark stripe that stretches along its length. Mature males can weigh up to 98 to 110 kg (216 to 243 lb). Males reach nearly 90 cm (35 in) and females 70 cm (28 in) at the shoulder the head-and-body length is around 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in). The following cladogram is based on the 2004 phylogenetic study: Ĭervus, fallow deer ( Dama dama), Père David's deer ( Elaphurus davidianus), Hyelaphus and Rusaįossils of extinct Axis species dating to the early to middle Pliocene were excavated from Iran in the west to Indochina in the east. The chital was estimated to have genetically diverged from the Rucervus lineage in the Early Pliocene about 5 million years ago. Axis was revealed to be paraphyletic and distant from Hyelaphus in the phylogenetic tree the chital was found to form a clade with the barasingha ( Rucervus duvaucelii) and the Schomburgk's deer ( Rucervus schomburgki). Ī phylogenetic study later that year showed that Hyelaphus is closer to the genus Rusa than Axis. However, a morphological analysis showed significant differences between Axis and Hyelaphus. The genus Hyelaphus was considered a subgenus of Axis. Axis was elevated to generic status by Colin P.
In 1827, Charles Hamilton Smith placed the chital in its own subgenus Axis under the genus Cervus. The chital was first described by Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben in 1777 as Cervus axis. Other common names for the chital are Indian spotted deer (or simply the spotted deer) and axis deer.
Variations of "chital" include "cheetal" and "cheetul". The name of the cheetah has a similar origin. The vernacular name "chital" (pronounced / tʃ iː t əl/) Ĭomes from cītal ( Hindi: चीतल), derived from the Sanskrit word citrala (चित्रलः), meaning "variegated" or "spotted". The upper parts are golden to rufous, completely covered in white spots. It is sexually dimorphic males are larger than females, and antlers are present only on males. A moderate-sized deer, male chital reach nearly 90 cm (35 in) and females 70 cm (28 in) at the shoulder. It was first described by German naturalist Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben in 1777. The chital ( Axis axis / tʃ iː t əl/), also known as spotted deer, chital deer, and axis deer, is a deer species native to the Indian subcontinent.
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